Copyright and Publishing Rights

Authors: Generally, authors are considered the initial owners of copyright for their individual contributions (articles, book chapters, etc.) unless there's a written agreement stating otherwise.
Journal: The journal itself may acquire copyright ownership through:
- Author agreements: Requiring authors to transfer or assign copyright to the journal.
- Implied license: If authors submit their work without a written agreement, the journal might acquire certain rights by implication, such as the right to publish and distribute the work.

The journal typically acquires the following rights:

Publication rights: The right to publish the work in the journal and any associated online platforms.
Distribution rights: The right to distribute the work in print or electronic formats.
Reproduction rights: The right to reproduce the work for purposes such as archiving, indexing, or promotional materials.
Adaptation rights: The right to adapt the work for different formats or languages.
Moral rights: Ensuring that the author's name is associated with the work and preventing unauthorized alterations or distortions.

Authors may retain certain rights, such as:

Moral rights: The right to attribution and the right to object to derogatory treatment of the work.
Re-use rights: The right to reuse their work in other publications or presentations, often subject to certain conditions (e.g., attribution, non-commercial use).

Copyright transfer: Authors transfer copyright ownership to the journal.
Author retains copyright: Authors retain copyright but grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish and distribute the work.
Creative Commons licenses: These provide standardized licensing terms that allow authors to specify the rights they grant to others.

If the journal is open access, it typically requires authors to grant a broader range of rights, such as:

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